arcgis.raster.functions.gbl module

Global Raster functions. These functions are applied to the raster data to create a processed product on disk, using ImageryLayer.save() method or arcgis.raster.analytics.generate_raster().

Global functions cannot be used for visualization using dynamic image processing. They cannot be applied to layers that are added to a map for on-the-fly image processing or visualized inline within the Jupyter notebook.

Functions can be applied to various rasters (or images), including the following:

  • Imagery layers

  • Rasters within imagery layers

calculate_travel_cost

gbl.calculate_travel_cost(in_cost_raster=None, in_surface_raster=None, in_horizontal_raster=None, in_vertical_raster=None, horizontal_factor='BINARY', vertical_factor='BINARY', maximum_distance=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None, allocation_field=None, generate_out_allocation_raster=False, generate_out_backlink_raster=False)
Parameters

  • in_source_data – The layer that defines the sources to calculate the distance too. The layer can be raster or feature.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the impedance or cost to move planimetrically through each cell.

  • in_surface_raster – A raster defining the elevation values at each cell location.

  • in_horizontal_raster – A raster defining the horizontal direction at each cell.

  • in_vertical_raster – A raster defining the vertical (z) value for each cell.

  • horizontal_factor – The Horizontal Factor defines the relationship between the horizontal cost factor and the horizontal relative moving angle. Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “FORWARD”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”

  • vertical_factor – The Vertical Factor defines the relationship between the vertical cost factor and the vertical relative moving angle (VRMA) Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_LINEAR”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_INVERSE_LINEAR”, “COS”, “SEC”, “COS_SEC”, “SEC_COS”

  • maximum_distance – The maximum distance to calculate out to. If no distance is provided, a default will be calculated that is based on the locations of the input sources.

  • source_cost_multiplier – Multiplier to apply to the cost values.

  • source_start_cost – The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases.

  • source_capacity – Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source.

  • source_direction – Defines the direction of the traveler when applying horizontal and vertical factors, the source resistance rate, and the source starting cost. Possible values: FROM_SOURCE, TO_SOURCE

  • allocation_field – A field on theinputSourceRasterOrFeatures layer that holds the values that define each source.

  • generate_out_backlink_raster –

    Boolean, determines whether out_backlink_raster should be generated or not. Set this parameter to True, in order to generate the out_backlink_raster. If set to true, the output will be a named tuple with name values being output_distance_service and output_backlink_service. eg, out_layer = calculate_travel_cost(in_source_data

    generate_out_backlink_raster=True)

    out_var = out_layer.save() then, out_var.output_distance_service -> gives you the output distance imagery layer item out_var.output_backlink_service -> gives you the output backlink raster imagery layer item

  • generate_out_allocation_raster –

    Boolean, determines whether out_allocation_raster should be generated or not. Set this parameter to True, in order to generate the out_backlink_raster. If set to true, the output will be a named tuple with name values being output_distance_service and output_allocation_service. eg, out_layer = calculate_travel_cost(in_source_data

    generate_out_allocation_raster=False)

    out_var = out_layer.save() then, out_var.output_distance_service -> gives you the output distance imagery layer item out_var.output_allocation_service -> gives you the output allocation raster imagery layer item

  • gis – Optional, the GIS on which this tool runs. If not specified, the active GIS is used.

Returns

output raster with function applied

calculate_distance

gbl.calculate_distance(maximum_distance=None, output_cell_size=None, allocation_field=None, generate_out_allocation_raster=False, generate_out_direction_raster=False)

Calculates the Euclidean distance, direction, and allocation from a single source or set of sources.

Parameters

  • in_source_data – The layer that defines the sources to calculate the distance to. The layer can be raster or feature. To use a raster input, it must be of integer type.

  • maximum_distance –

    Defines the threshold that the accumulative distance values cannot exceed. If an accumulative Euclidean distance value exceeds this value, the output value for the cell location will be NoData. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

    Supported units: Meters | Kilometers | Feet | Miles

    Example:

    {“distance”:”60”,”units”:”Meters”}

  • output_cell_size –

    Specify the cell size to use for the output raster.

    Supported units: Meters | Kilometers | Feet | Miles

    Example: {“distance”:”60”,”units”:”Meters”}

  • allocation_field –

    A field on the input_source_data layer that holds the values that defines each source.

    It can be an integer or a string field of the source dataset.

    The default for this parameter is ‘Value’.

  • generate_out_direction_raster –

    Boolean, determines whether out_direction_raster should be generated or not. Set this parameter to True, in order to generate the out_direction_raster. If set to true, the output will be a named tuple with name values being output_distance_service and output_direction_service. eg, out_layer = calculate_distance(in_source_data

    generate_out_direction_raster=True)

    out_var = out_layer.save() then, out_var.output_distance_service -> gives you the output distance imagery layer item out_var.output_direction_service -> gives you the output backlink raster imagery layer item

    The output direction raster is in degrees, and indicates the direction to return to the closest source from each cell center. The values on the direction raster are based on compass directions, with 0 degrees reserved for the source cells. Thus, a value of 90 means 90 degrees to the East, 180 is to the South, 270 is to the west, and 360 is to the North.

  • generate_out_allocation_raster –

    Boolean, determines whether out_allocation_raster should be generated or not. Set this parameter to True, in order to generate the out_backlink_raster. If set to true, the output will be a named tuple with name values being output_distance_service and output_allocation_service. eg, out_layer = calculate_distance(in_source_data

    generate_out_allocation_raster=False)

    out_var = out_layer.save() then, out_var.output_distance_service -> gives you the output distance imagery layer item out_var.output_allocation_service -> gives you the output allocation raster imagery layer item

    This parameter calculates, for each cell, the nearest source based on Euclidean distance.

Returns

output raster with function applied

cost_allocation

gbl.cost_allocation(in_cost_raster, in_value_raster=None, max_distance=None, source_field=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None)

Calculates, for each cell, its least-cost source based on the least accumulative cost over a cost surface. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/cost-allocation-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_source_data – The input raster that identifies the pixels or locations to which the least accumulated cost distance for every output pixel location is calculated. The Source Raster can be an integer or a floating-point value. If the input Source Raster is floating point, the Value Raster must be set, and it must be an integer. The Value Raster will take precedence over any setting of the Source Field.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the cost or impedance to move planimetrically through each pixel. The value at each pixel location represents the cost-per-unit distance for moving through it. Each pixel location value is multiplied by the pixel resolution, while also compensating for diagonal movement to obtain the total cost of passing through the pixel. The values of the Cost Raster can be integer or floating point, but they cannot be negative or zero.

  • in_value_raster – The input integer raster that identifies the zone values that should be used for each input source location. For each source location pixel, the value defined by the Value Raster will be assigned to all pixels allocated to the source location for the computation. The Value Raster will take precedence over any setting for the Source Field.

  • max_distance – The threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_field – The field used to assign values to the source locations. It must be an integer type. If the Value Raster has been set, the values in that input will take precedence over any setting for the Source Field.

  • source_cost_multiplier – This parameter allows for control of the mode of travel or the magnitude at a source. The greater the multiplier, the greater the cost to move through each cell. The default value is 1. The values must be greater than 0. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_start_cost – The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations. This parameter allows for the specification of the fixed cost associated with a source. Instead of starting at a cost of 0, the cost algorithm will begin with the value set here. The default is 0. The value must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases. It is used to model fatigue of the traveler. The growing accumulative cost to reach a pixel is multiplied by the resistance rate and added to the cost to move into the subsequent pixel. It is a modified version of a compound interest rate formula that is used to calculate the apparent cost of moving through a pixel. As the value of the resistance rate increases, it increases the cost of the pixels that are visited later. The greater the resistance rate, the higher the cost to reach the next pixel, which is compounded for each subsequent movement. Since the resistance rate is similar to a compound rate and generally the accumulative cost values are very large, small resistance rates are suggested, such as 0.005 or even smaller, depending on the accumulative cost values. The default is 0. The values must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_capacity – Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source. The cost calculations continue for each source until the specified capacity is reached. The default capacity is to the edge of the output raster. The values must be greater than 0. A double numeric value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

Source_direction

Defines the direction of the traveler when applying the source resistance rate and the source starting cost. FROM_SOURCE - The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at the input source and moving out to the nonsource cells. This is the default. TO_SOURCE - The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at each nonsource cell and moving back to the input source. Either specify the From Source or To Source keyword, which will be applied to all sources, or specify a field in the Source Raster that contains the keywords to identify the direction of travel for each source. That field must contain the string From Source or To Source.

Returns

output raster with function applied

cost_distance

gbl.cost_distance(in_cost_raster, max_distance=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None)

Calculates the least accumulative cost distance for each cell from or to the least-cost source over a cost surface. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/cost-distance-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_source_data – The input raster that identifies the pixels or locations to which the least accumulated cost distance for every output pixel location is calculated. The Source Raster can be an integer or a floating-point value.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the cost or impedance to move planimetrically through each pixel. The value at each pixel location represents the cost-per-unit distance for moving through it. Each pixel location value is multiplied by the pixel resolution, while also compensating for diagonal movement to obtain the total cost of passing through the pixel.

  • max_distance – The threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_cost_multiplier – The threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_start_cost – The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations. This parameter allows for the specification of the fixed cost associated with a source. Instead of starting at a cost of 0, the cost algorithm will begin with the value set here. The default is 0. The value must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases. It is used to model fatigue of the traveler. The growing accumulative cost to reach a pixel is multiplied by the resistance rate and added to the cost to move into the subsequent pixel. It is a modified version of a compound interest rate formula that is used to calculate the apparent cost of moving through a pixel. As the value of the resistance rate increases, it increases the cost of the pixels that are visited later. The greater the resistance rate, the higher the cost to reach the next pixel, which is compounded for each subsequent movement. Since the resistance rate is similar to a compound rate and generally the accumulative cost values are very large, small resistance rates are suggested, such as 0.005 or even smaller, depending on the accumulative cost values. The default is 0. The values must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_capacity – Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source. The cost calculations continue for each source until the specified capacity is reached. The default capacity is to the edge of the output raster. The values must be greater than 0. A double numeric value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_direction – Defines the direction of the traveler when applying the source resistance rate and the source starting cost. FROM_SOURCE - The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at the input source and moving out to the nonsource cells. This is the default. TO_SOURCE - The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at each nonsource cell and moving back to the input source. Either specify the From Source or To Source keyword, which will be applied to all sources, or specify a field in the Source Raster that contains the keywords to identify the direction of travel for each source. That field must contain the string From Source or To Source.

Returns

output raster with function applied

cost_path

gbl.cost_path(in_cost_distance_raster, in_cost_backlink_raster, path_type='EACH_CELL', destination_field=None)

Calculates the least-cost path from a source to a destination.

Parameters

  • in_destination_data – A raster or feature dataset that identifies those cells from which the least-cost path is determined to the least costly source. If the input is a raster, the input consists of cells that have valid values (zero is a valid value), and the remaining cells must be assigned NoData.

  • in_cost_distance_raster – The name of a cost distance raster to be used to determine the least-cost path from the destination locations to a source. The cost distance raster is usually created with the Cost Distance, Cost Allocation or Cost Back Link tools. The cost distance raster stores, for each cell, the minimum accumulative cost distance over a cost surface from each cell to a set of source cells.

  • in_cost_backlink_raster – The name of a cost back link raster used to determine the path to return to a source via the least-cost path. For each cell in the back link raster, a value identifies the neighbor that is the next cell on the least accumulative cost path from the cell to a single source cell or set of source cells.

  • path_type – A keyword defining the manner in which the values and zones on the input destination data will be interpreted in the cost path calculations. EACH_CELL — For each cell with valid values on the input destination data, a least-cost path is determined and saved on the output raster. With this option, each cell of the input destination data is treated separately, and a least-cost path is determined for each from cell. EACH_ZONE — For each zone on the input destination data, a least-cost path is determined and saved on the output raster. With this option, the least-cost path for each zone begins at the cell with the lowest cost distance weighting in the zone. BEST_SINGLE — For all cells on the input destination data, the least-cost path is derived from the cell with the minimum of the least-cost paths to source cells.

  • destination_field – The field used to obtain values for the destination locations. Input feature data must contain at least one valid field.

Returns

output raster with function applied

euclidean_allocation

gbl.euclidean_allocation(in_value_raster=None, max_distance=None, cell_size=None, source_field=None, distance_method=None)

Calculates, for each cell, the nearest source based on Euclidean distance. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/euclidean-allocation-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_source_data – raster; The input raster that identifies the pixels or locations to which the Euclidean distance for every output pixel location is calculated. The input type can be an integer or a floating-point value. If the input Source Raster is floating point, the Value Raster must be set, and it must be an integer. The Value Raster will take precedence over any setting of the Source Field.

  • in_value_raster – The input integer raster that identifies the zone values that should be used for each input source location. For each source location pixel, the value defined by the Value Raster will be assigned to all pixels allocated to the source location for the computation. The Value Raster will take precedence over any setting for the Source Field .

  • max_distance – The threshold that the accumulative distance values cannot exceed. If an accumulative Euclidean distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster

  • cell_size – The pixel size at which the output raster will be created. If the cell size was explicitly set in Environments, that will be the default cell size. If Environments was not set, the output cell size will be the same as the Source Raster

  • source_field – The field used to assign values to the source locations. It must be an integer type. If the Value Raster has been set, the values in that input will take precedence over any setting for the Source Field.

Returns

output raster with function applied

euclidean_distance

gbl.euclidean_distance(cell_size=None, max_distance=None, distance_method='PLANAR')

Calculates, for each cell, the Euclidean distance to the closest source. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/euclidean-distance-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_source_data – raster; The input raster that identifies the pixels or locations to which the Euclidean distance for every output pixel location is calculated. The input type can be an integer or a floating-point value.

  • cell_size – The pixel size at which the output raster will be created. If the cell size was explicitly set in Environments, that will be the default cell size. If Environments was not set, the output cell size will be the same as the Source Raster

  • max_distance – The threshold that the accumulative distance values cannot exceed. If an accumulative Euclidean distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster

Returns

output raster with function applied

euclidean_direction

gbl.euclidean_direction(cell_size=None, max_distance=None, distance_method='PLANAR')

Calculates, for each cell, the Euclidean distance to the closest source.

Parameters

  • in_source_data – The input source locations. This is a raster or feature dataset that identifies the cells or locations to which the Euclidean distance for every output cell location is calculated. For rasters, the input type can be integer or floating point.

  • cell_size – Defines the threshold that the accumulative distance values cannot exceed. If an accumulative Euclidean distance value exceeds this value, the output value for the cell location will be NoData. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • max_distance – The cell size at which the output raster will be created. This will be the value in the environment if it is explicitly set. If it is not set in the environment, the default cell size will depend on if the input source data is a raster or a feature, as follows: If the source is raster, the output will have that same cell size. If the source is feature, the output will have a cell size determined by the shorter of the width or height of the extent of input feature, in the input spatial reference, divided by 250.

Returns

output raster with function applied

fill

gbl.fill(zlimit=None)

Fills sinks in a surface raster to remove small imperfections in the data

Parameters

  • input_surface_raster – The input raster representing a continuous surface.

  • zlimit – Data type - Double. Maximum elevation difference between a sink and its pour point to be filled. If the difference in z-values between a sink and its pour point is greater than the z_limit, that sink will not be filled. The value for z-limit must be greater than zero. Unless a value is specified for this parameter, all sinks will be filled, regardless of depth.

Returns

output raster with function applied

flow_accumulation

gbl.flow_accumulation(input_weight_raster=None, data_type='FLOAT', flow_direction_type='D8')

” Replaces cells of a raster corresponding to a mask with the values of the nearest neighbors.

Parameters

  • input_flow_direction_raster – The input raster that shows the direction of flow out of each cell.

  • input_weight_raster – An optional input raster for applying a weight to each cell.

  • data_type – INTEGER, FLOAT, DOUBLE

Returns

output raster with function applied

flow_distance

gbl.flow_distance(input_surface_raster, input_flow_direction_raster=None, distance_type='VERTICAL', flow_direction_type='D8')

This function computes, for each cell, the minimum downslope horizontal or vertical distance to cell(s) on a stream or river into which they flow. If an optional flow direction raster is provided, the down slope direction(s) will be limited to those defined by the input flow direction raster.

Parameters

  • input_stream_raster – An input raster that represents a linear stream network

  • input_surface_raster – The input raster representing a continuous surface.

  • input_flow_direction_raster – The input raster that shows the direction of flow out of each cell.

  • distance_type – VERTICAL or HORIZONTAL distance to compute; if not specified, VERTICAL distance is computed.

Returns

output raster with function applied

flow_direction

gbl.flow_direction(force_flow='NORMAL', flow_direction_type='D8', generate_out_drop_raster=False)

Replaces cells of a raster corresponding to a mask with the values of the nearest neighbors.

Parameters

  • input_surface_raster – The input raster representing a continuous surface.

  • force_flow – NORMAL or FORCE, Specifies if edge cells will always flow outward or follow normal flow rules.

  • flow_direction_type – Specifies which flow direction type to use. D8 - Use the D8 method. This is the default. MFD - Use the Multi Flow Direction (MFD) method. DINF - Use the D-Infinity method.

  • generate_out_drop_raster –

    Boolean, determines whether out_drop_raster should be generated or not. Set this parameter to True, in order to generate the out_drop_raster. If set to true, the output will be a named tuple with name values being output_flow_direction_service and output_drop_service. eg,

    flow_direction_output = flow_direction(input_surface_raster,

    force_flow= “NORMAL”, flow_direction_type= “D8”, generate_out_drop_raster=True)

    out_var = flow_direction_output.save()

    then,

    out_var.output_flow_direction_service -> gives you the output flow direction imagery layer item

    out_var.output_drop_service -> gives you the output drop raster imagery layer item

Returns

output raster with function applied

kernel_density

gbl.kernel_density(population_field, cell_size=None, search_radius=None, area_unit_scale_factor='SQUARE_MAP_UNITS', out_cell_values='DENSITIES', method='PLANAR')

Calculates a magnitude-per-unit area from point or polyline features using a kernel function to fit a smoothly tapered surface to each point or polyline. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/kernel-density-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_features – The input point or line features for which to calculate the density

  • population_field – Field denoting population values for each feature. The Population Field is the count or quantity to be spread across the landscape to create a continuous surface. Values in the population field may be integer or floating point.

  • cell_size – The pixel size for the output raster dataset. If the Cellsize has been set in the geoprocessing Environments it will be the default.

  • search_radius – The search radius within which to calculate density. Units are based on the linear unit of the projection.

  • area_unit_scale_factor –

    The desired area units of the output density values. -SQUARE_MAP_UNITS-For the square of the linear units of the output spatial reference.

    -SQUARE_MILES-For (U.S.) miles.

    -SQUARE_KILOMETERS-For kilometers.

    -ACRES For (U.S.) acres.

    -HECTARES-For hectares.

    -SQUARE_METERS-For meters.

    -SQUARE_YARDS-For (U.S.) yards.

    -SQUARE_FEET-For (U.S.) feet.

    -SQUARE_INCHES-For (U.S.) inches.

    -SQUARE_CENTIMETERS-For centimeters.

    -SQUARE_MILLIMETERS-For millimeters.

  • out_cell_values –

    Determines what the values in the output raster represent.

    -DENSITIES-The output values represent the predicted density value. This is the default.

    -EXPECTED_COUNTS-The output values represent the predicted amount of the phenomenon within each

    pixel. Since the pixel value is linked to the specified Cellsize, the resulting raster cannot be resampled to a different pixel size and still represent the amount of the phenomenon.

  • method –

    Determines whether to use a shortest path on a spheroid (geodesic) or a flat earth (planar) method.

    -PLANAR-Uses planar distances between the features. This is the default.

    -GEODESIC-Uses geodesic distances between features. This method takes into account the curvature of the spheroid and correctly deals with data near the poles and the International dateline.

Returns

output raster

least_cost_path

gbl.least_cost_path(in_cost_raster, in_destination_data, destination_field=None, path_type='EACH_CELL', max_distance=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None)

Calculates the least-cost path from a source to a destination. The least accumulative cost distance is calculated for each pixel over a cost surface, to the nearest source. This produces an output raster that records the least-cost path, or paths, from selected locations to the closest source pixels defined within the accumulative cost surface, in terms of cost distance. For more information, see http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/least-cost-path-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_source_data – The input raster that identifies the pixels or locations to which the least accumulated cost distance for every output pixel location is calculated. The Source Raster can be an integer or a floating-point value. If the input Source Raster is floating point, the Value Raster must be set, and it must be an integer. The Value Raster will take precedence over any setting of the Source Field.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the cost or impedance to move planimetrically through each pixel. The value at each pixel location represents the cost-per-unit distance for moving through it. Each pixel location value is multiplied by the pixel resolution, while also compensating for diagonal movement to obtain the total cost of passing through the pixel. The values of the Cost Raster can be integer or floating point, but they cannot be negative or zero.

  • in_destination_data – A raster dataset that identifies the pixels from which the least-cost path is determined to the least costly source. This input consists of pixels that have valid values, and the remaining pixels must be assigned NoData. Values of 0 are valid.

  • destination_field – The field used to obtain values for the destination locations.

  • path_type – A keyword defining the manner in which the values and zones on the input destination data will be interpreted in the cost path calculations: EACH_CELL-A least-cost path is determined for each pixel with valid values on the input destination data, and saved on the output raster. Each cell of the input destination data is treated separately, and a least-cost path is determined for each from cell. EACH_ZONE-A least-cost path is determined for each zone on the input destination data and saved on the output raster. The least-cost path for each zone begins at the pixel with the lowest cost distance weighting in the zone. BEST_SINGLE-For all pixels on the input destination data, the least-cost path is derived from the pixel with the minimum of the least-cost paths to source cells.

  • max_distance – The threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_field – The field used to assign values to the source locations. It must be an integer type. If the Value Raster has been set, the values in that input will take precedence over any setting for the Source Field.

  • source_cost_multiplier – The threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance exceeds this value, the output value for the pixel location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated. The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_start_cost – The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations. This parameter allows for the specification of the fixed cost associated with a source. Instead of starting at a cost of 0, the cost algorithm will begin with the value set here. The default is 0. The value must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases. It is used to model fatigue of the traveler. The growing accumulative cost to reach a pixel is multiplied by the resistance rate and added to the cost to move into the subsequent pixel. It is a modified version of a compound interest rate formula that is used to calculate the apparent cost of moving through a pixel. As the value of the resistance rate increases, it increases the cost of the pixels that are visited later. The greater the resistance rate, the higher the cost to reach the next pixel, which is compounded for each subsequent movement. Since the resistance rate is similar to a compound rate and generally the accumulative cost values are very large, small resistance rates are suggested, such as 0.005 or even smaller, depending on the accumulative cost values. The default is 0. The values must be 0 or greater. A numeric (double) value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_capacity – Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source. The cost calculations continue for each source until the specified capacity is reached. The default capacity is to the edge of the output raster. The values must be greater than 0. A double numeric value or a field from the Source Raster can be used for this parameter.

  • source_direction – Defines the direction of the traveler when applying the source resistance rate and the source starting cost. FROM_SOURCE - The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at the input source and moving out to the nonsource cells. This is the default. TO_SOURCE-The source resistance rate and source starting cost will be applied beginning at each nonsource cell and moving back to the input source. Either specify the From Source or To Source keyword, which will be applied to all sources, or specify a field in the Source Raster that contains the keywords to identify the direction of travel for each source. That field must contain the string From Source or To Source.

Returns

output raster with function applied

nibble

gbl.nibble(input_mask_raster, nibble_values='ALL_VALUES', nibble_no_data='PRESERVE_NODATA', input_zone_raster=None)

Replaces cells of a raster corresponding to a mask with the values of the nearest neighbors.

Parameters

  • input_raster – The input rater to nibble. The input raster can be either integer or floating point type.

  • input_mask_raster – The input raster to use as the mask.

  • nibble_values – possbile options are “ALL_VALUES” and “DATA_ONLY”. Default is “ALL_VALUES”

  • nibble_no_data – PRESERVE_NODATA or PROCESS_NODATA possible values; Default is PRESERVE_NODATA.

  • input_zone_raster – The input raster that defines the zones to use as the mask.

Returns

output raster with function applied

watershed

gbl.watershed(input_pour_point_data, pour_point_field=None)

Replaces cells of a raster corresponding to a mask with the values of the nearest neighbors.

Parameters

  • input_flow_direction_raster – The input raster that shows the direction of flow out of each cell.

  • input_pour_point_data – The input pour point locations. For a raster, this represents cells above which the contributing area, or catchment, will be determined. All cells that are not NoData will be used as source cells. For a point feature dataset, this represents locations above which the contributing area, or catchment, will be determined.

  • pour_point_field – Field used to assign values to the pour point locations. If the pour point dataset is a raster, use Value. If the pour point dataset is a feature, use a numeric field. If the field contains floating-point values, they will be truncated into integers.

Returns

output raster with function applied

zonal_statistics

gbl.zonal_statistics(zone_field, in_value_raster, ignore_nodata=True, statistics_type=None)

” Calculates statistics on values of a raster within the zones of another dataset. For more information, http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/help/data/imagery/zonal-statistics-global-function.htm

Parameters

  • in_zone_data – Dataset that defines the zones. The zones can be defined by an integer raster

  • zone_field – Field that holds the values that define each zone. It can be an integer or a string field of the zone raster.

  • in_value_raster – Raster that contains the values on which to calculate a statistic.

  • ignore_no_data – Denotes whether NoData values in the Value Raster will influence the results of the zone that they fall within. True - Within any particular zone, only pixels that have a value in the Value Raster will be used in determining the output value for that zone. NoData pixels in the Value Raster will be ignored in the statistic calculation. This is the default. False - Within any particular zone, if any NoData pixels exist in the Value Raster, it is deemed that there is insufficient information to perform statistical calculations for all the pixels in that zone; therefore, the entire zone will receive the NoData value on the output raster.

  • statistics_type – Statistic type to be calculated. MEAN-Calculates the average of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. MAJORITY-Determines the value that occurs most often of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. MAXIMUM-Determines the largest value of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. MEDIAN-Determines the median value of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. MINIMUM-Determines the smallest value of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. MINORITY-Determines the value that occurs least often of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. RANGE-Calculates the difference between the largest and smallest value of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. STD-Calculates the standard deviation of all pixels in the Value Rasterthat belong to the same zone as the output pixel. SUM-Calculates the total value of all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel. VARIETY-Calculates the number of unique values for all pixels in the Value Raster that belong to the same zone as the output pixel.

Returns

output raster with function applied

region_group

gbl.region_group(number_of_neighbor_cells='FOUR', zone_connectivity='WITHIN', add_link='ADD_LINK', excluded_value=0)

For each cell in the output, the identity of the connected region to which that cell belongs is recorded. A unique number is assigned to each region.

Parameters

  • in_raster – Required, the input raster whose unique connected regions will be identified. It must be of integer type.

  • number_of_neighbor_cells – Optional. The number of neighboring cells to use in evaluating connectivity between cells. Possible values - FOUR, EIGHT. Default is FOUR

  • zone_connectivity – Optional. Defines which cell values should be considered when testing for connectivity. Possible values - WITHIN, CROSS. Default is WITHIN

  • add_link – Optional, Specifies whether a link field is added to the table of the output. Possible values - ADD_LINK, NO_LINK. Default is ADD_LINK

  • excluded_value –

    Identifies a value such that if a cell location contains the value, no spatial connectivity will be evaluated regardless how the number of neighbors is specified (FOUR or EIGHT).

    Cells with the excluded value will be treated as NoData and are eliminated from calculations. Cell locations that contain the excluded value will receive 0 on the output raster.

    The excluded value is similar to the concept of a background value, or setting a mask in the environment for a single run of the tool. A value must be specified for this parameter if the CROSS keyword is specified

Returns

output raster with function applied

corridor

gbl.corridor(in_distance_raster2)

Calculates the sum of accumulative costs for two input accumulative cost rasters.

Parameters

  • in_distance_raster1 – The first input distance raster. It should be an accumulated cost distance output from a distance function such as cost_distance or path_distance.

  • in_distance_raster2 – The second input distance raster. It should be an accumulated cost distance output from a distance function such as cost_distance or path_distance.

Returns

output raster with function applied

path_distance

gbl.path_distance(in_cost_raster=None, in_surface_raster=None, in_horizontal_raster=None, in_vertical_raster=None, horizontal_factor='BINARY', vertical_factor='BINARY', maximum_distance=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None)

Calculates, for each cell, the least accumulative cost distance from or to the least-cost source, while accounting for surface distance along with horizontal and vertical cost factors

Parameters

  • in_source_data –

    The input source locations. This is a raster that identifies the cells or locations from or to which the least accumulated cost distance for every output cell location is calculated.

    The raster input type can be integer or floating point.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the impedance or cost to move planimetrically through each cell. The value at each cell location represents the cost-per-unit distance for moving through the cell. Each cell location value is multiplied by the cell resolution while also compensating for diagonal movement to obtain the total cost of passing through the cell. The values of the cost raster can be integer or floating point, but they cannot be negative or zero (you cannot have a negative or zero cost).

  • in_surface_raster – A raster defining the elevation values at each cell location. The values are used to calculate the actual surface distance covered when passing between cells.

  • in_horizontal_raster – A raster defining the horizontal direction at each cell. The values on the raster must be integers ranging from 0 to 360, with 0 degrees being north, or toward the top of the screen, and increasing clockwise. Flat areas should be given a value of -1. The values at each location will be used in conjunction with the {horizontal_factor} to determine the horizontal cost incurred when moving from a cell to its neighbors.

  • in_vertical_raster – A raster defining the vertical (z) value for each cell. The values are used for calculating the slope used to identify the vertical factor incurred when moving from one cell to another.

  • horizontal_factor – The Horizontal Factor defines the relationship between the horizontal cost factor and the horizontal relative moving angle. Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “FORWARD”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”

  • vertical_factor – The Vertical Factor defines the relationship between the vertical cost factor and the vertical relative moving angle (VRMA) Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_LINEAR”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_INVERSE_LINEAR”, “COS”, “SEC”, “COS_SEC”, “SEC_COS”

  • maximum_distance –

    Defines the threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed. If an accumulative cost distance value exceeds this value, the output value for the cell location will be NoData. The maximum distance defines the extent for which the accumulative cost distances are calculated.

    The default distance is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_cost_multiplier – Multiplier to apply to the cost values.

  • source_start_cost – The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases. It is used to model fatigue of the traveler. The growing accumulative cost to reach a cell is multiplied by the resistance rate and added to the cost to move into the subsequent cell.

  • source_capacity – Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source. The cost calculations continue for each source until the specified capacity is reached. The values must be greater than zero. The default capacity is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_direction – Defines the direction of the traveler when applying horizontal and vertical factors, the source resistance rate, and the source starting cost. Possible values: FROM_SOURCE, TO_SOURCE

Returns

output raster with function applied

path_distance_allocation

gbl.path_distance_allocation(in_cost_raster=None, in_surface_raster=None, in_horizontal_raster=None, in_vertical_raster=None, horizontal_factor='BINARY', vertical_factor='BINARY', maximum_distance=None, in_value_raster=None, source_field=None, source_cost_multiplier=None, source_start_cost=None, source_resistance_rate=None, source_capacity=None, source_direction=None)

Calculates the least-cost source for each cell based on the least accumulative cost over a cost surface, while accounting for surface distance along with horizontal and vertical cost factors.

Parameters

  • in_source_data –

    The input source locations. This is a raster or feature dataset that identifies the cells or locations from or to which the least accumulated cost distance for every output cell location is calculated.

    For rasters, the input type can be integer or floating point.

    If the input source raster is floating point, the {in_value_raster} must be set, and it must be of integer type. The value raster will take precedence over any setting of the {source_field}.

  • in_cost_raster – A raster defining the impedance or cost to move planimetrically through each cell.

  • in_surface_raster – A raster defining the elevation values at each cell location.

  • in_horizontal_raster – A raster defining the horizontal direction at each cell.

  • in_vertical_raster – A raster defining the vertical (z) value for each cell.

  • horizontal_factor – The Horizontal Factor defines the relationship between the horizontal cost factor and the horizontal relative moving angle. Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “FORWARD”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”

  • vertical_factor – The Vertical Factor defines the relationship between the vertical cost factor and the vertical relative moving angle (VRMA) Possible values are: “BINARY”, “LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_LINEAR”, “INVERSE_LINEAR”, “SYMMETRIC_INVERSE_LINEAR”, “COS”, “SEC”, “COS_SEC”, “SEC_COS”

  • maximum_distance – Defines the threshold that the accumulative cost values cannot exceed.

  • in_value_raster – The input integer raster that identifies the zone values that should be used for each input source location. For each source location (cell or feature), the value defined by the {in_value_raster} will be assigned to all cells allocated to the source location for the computation. The value raster will take precedence over any setting for the {source_field}.

  • source_field – The field used to assign values to the source locations. It must be of integer type. If the {in_value_raster} has been set, the values in that input will have precedence over any setting for the {source_field}.

  • source_cost_multiplier –

    Multiplier to apply to the cost values. Allows for control of the mode of travel or the magnitude at a source. The greater the multiplier, the greater the cost to move through each cell.

    The values must be greater than zero. The default is 1.

  • source_start_cost –

    The starting cost from which to begin the cost calculations. Allows for the specification of the fixed cost associated with a source. Instead of starting at a cost of zero, the cost algorithm will begin with the value set by source_start_cost.

    The values must be zero or greater. The default is 0.

  • source_resistance_rate – This parameter simulates the increase in the effort to overcome costs as the accumulative cost increases. It is used to model fatigue of the traveler. The growing accumulative cost to reach a cell is multiplied by the resistance rate and added to the cost to move into the subsequent cell.

  • source_capacity –

    Defines the cost capacity for the traveler for a source. The cost calculations continue for each source until the specified capacity is reached.

    The values must be greater than zero. The default capacity is to the edge of the output raster.

  • source_direction – Defines the direction of the traveler when applying horizontal and vertical factors, the source resistance rate, and the source starting cost. Possible values: FROM_SOURCE, TO_SOURCE

Returns

output raster with function applied